In ancient myths, often common names have the same destiny and are influenced by the same eternal pattern and archetype. The examples of these names are abundant in Iranian myths and national epics. Among the most popular names that are mythical, ritualistic and epic, we find the name of " Bahram" that in Aryan culture and ancient Iranian history has his own functions such as god of war, god of victory, the promised, the savior, king and armed, trooper and victorious. By using descriptive and analytical method, the present research attempts to identify and analyze the personality of the famous Bahrams in Iranian mythology and national epic, and to prove that the examples of this name in Iranian mythology and history of Iran have almost same feature, function and destiny.

In this study, the antibacterial and antioxidant properties of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) from Spirulina platensis were evaluated. The extraction and purification of C-PC were carried out using lyzosyme and ammonium sulphate precipitation, respectively. DPPH radical-scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and Fe2+-chelating activity were used for evaluation of antioxidant properties of C-PC. Antibacterial activity was also performed using agar well diffusion and microdilution [minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)]. The selected bacteria were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Streptococcus iniae and Yersinia ruckeri. The results showed that the biomass production was 1120 mg L-1 and C-PC concentration in crude extracts and purified by (NH4)2SO4 were also 1. 815 and 3. 75 mg ml-1, respectively. The results of DPPH, FRAP and Fe2+-chelating activities of C-PC was 45. 75%, 0. 051 mg TAE g-1 and 40. 23% at zero time and 41. 56%, 0. 046 mg TAE g-1 and 36. 56% after 60 days at-18° C, respectively. The results of agar well diffusion indicated that L. monocytogenes and S. iniae were the most sensitive and resistant, respectively among examined bacteria in different concentrations of C-PC (0-25 μ g ml-1) and the mean of inhibition zones were also 7. 50-22. 11mm. The results of MIC and MBC of C-PC (as μ g ml-1) were 50-500 and 100-500, respectively. As a conclusion, C-PC from S. platensis had high potential of antioxidant activity in vitro and it can be used as natural antioxidants in variety of foods. Antibacterial activity of C-PC was lower than other algal pigments (such as astaxanthin and C-PC in other cyanobacteria).

Performing any laboratory study and evaluation on medicinal plants of traditional medicine relies on documented information of medicinal plants with definite scientific names. Thus, here we address the issue of scientific names to make traditional medicine closer to the modern medicine. To remove any potential ambiguity, we prepared a list of plants that there is a consensus about their scientific name. To this end, first we drew up a list of ancient Iranian and non-Iranian medicinal plants with their scientific names. Then, we added the names of medicinal plants on the market as well as the common Iranian plants. The primary list consisted of the scientific names of 2962 medicinal plants. The names then were critically reviewed and compared with scientific descriptions of reliable textbooks such as "Makhzan al-Adwiya" and "Al-Seidene" by Al-Biruni. After that, we selected the plants with a good agreement between their scientific names on the one hand, and their traditional name and description in ancient books, on the other hand. Consequently, we prepared a list of almost 700 species of medicinal plants (400 traditional medicinal plants) with definite scientific names.

The aim of this research is to investigate the themes of Persian Saghee-Nameha to examine to what extent they are in congruence with the contents of Khayyam Neishaboori’s Rubaiyat. To do so, we have analyzed one hundred and nineteen Saghee-Nameha present in Tazkarahaye Maykhaneh and Paymaneh in terms of content.The results indicate that thoughts including taking opportunity, thinking about death, astonishment, complaining about the time, and so forth are the common motifs between Khayyam,s Rubaiyat and Saghee-Nameha. The distinction lies in that the forementioned features have philosophical tones in Khayyam’s Rubaiyat and have been expressed briefly due to the limitation of form; however, they sometimes have mystical or amorous tones in Saghee-Nameha and they have been realized more extensively because of their form characteristic (Masnawi). Meanwhile, the creators of these genres while attributing sacial chaos to the time of inferior people growing have leveled their opposition under the umbrella of wine, drunkenness and other related words.

Runing away of good-name and praising of bad-name and public disgrace, is one of the characteristics of libertine school and amatory mysticism which is emphasized in sayings of mystics, works of poets and behaviour of libertines. The cloth of famousness, is a troublefull finding which splashes the dye of hypocrisy and sham on the stature of worship and devotion and covers the face of sincerity and honesty. Therefore, the fight with such a characteristics, always has been one of the mental disturbances of the real mystics and truth finders. They always have shown the various ways of breaking jar of name and shame, self-respect and dignity. Showing these ways and pointing to the cause and signs of these pests, in the form of tales, examples and poems have come in the works of mystics particularly Attar, Moulana and Abusaid-Abulkheir which will be discussed in this article.

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